Linguistics in Cognitive Science
Hi everyone. By going through in this page, you will get to know about linguistics. This page is prepared by Eka Nur Shuhada binti Mohd Nawawi (74658)
Language is a social instrument
which needs to be mastered.
Characteristics
of Human
Language
Arbitrary is
human language.
Between the sound and the
message, there is no connection.
The language of animals
is not subjective .
The message and the sound of
an animal can not be distinguished.
Subjects that are displaced Period now, the past,the upcoming . Position material that
can be seen when talking about stuff that can not be seen stuff that are abstract
There are six traditional levels on the way from sound to meaning: Phonetics: Speech as a physical process. Phonology: Systems of linguistic sound structure. Morphology: The structure of words
Phonetics: Speech as a physical process.
Phonology: Systems of linguistic sound structure.
Morphology: The structure of words.
Syntax: The structure of phrases and sentences.
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Approaches In The Field Of Linguistics
Semantics: The meaning of words and phrases.Pragmatics: How speakers and writers use language to communicate
Theoretical linguistics: Basic principles.
Historical linguistics: Language change and the reconstruction of linguistic history.
Psycholinguistics: Psychology of language; language learning and language processing.
Computational linguistics: Algorithms for computer analysis of text and speech.
Sociolinguistics: Language in society.
Dialectology: Geographical and social variation in language
The Return of The Cognitive Contemporary Linguistics
Contemporary Linguistics has long provided a comprehensive introduction to the discipline, balancing engaging aspects of language study with sound coverage of the core areas of linguistics
Contemporary Linguistics covers not only how language is structured, but also how it functions both socially and culturally, and how it is acquired and processed by speakers
Interdisciplinary areas such as psycholinguistics, language acquisition and the growing field of computational linguistics are explored as well as the fundamentals of phonetics and phonology, syntax and semantics.
The Relevance of the Rules to Cognitive Science
Encoding the rules of langiage enables important generalizations to be grasped. If we can capture the rules that characterize language, we can compare them to see what types of rules characterize languages in general.
Another reason that makes the rules explicit is to increase our understanding of the way children learn their first language.
Another iimprtant reason is has to do with the capabiluties we are developing via the computer to model aspects of human intelligence.
Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language (in other words, gain the ability to be aware of language and to understand it), as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate
What are the five stages of language acquisition?
Students learning a second language move through five predictable stages: Preproduction, Early Production, Speech Emergence, Intermediate Fluency, and Advanced Fluency (Krashen & Terrell, 1983).
LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
For example, if a baby hears the word “milk” often enough right before being fed from the bottle, he'll soon learn what that word means. ... Through a process of trial and error, a child (or a second language learner) will be able to learn correct grammar.
LANGUAGE DEPRIVATION
Language deprivation is associated with the lack of linguistic stimuli that are necessary for the language acquisition processes in an individual. Research has shown that early exposure to a first language will predict future language outcomes
How is it prevented?
Early intervention, parental involvement, and legislation work to prevent language deprivation. Deaf children who experience limited access to language—spoken or signed—may not develop the necessary skills to successfully assimilate into the academic learning.
Language deprivation occurs due to a chronic lack of full access to a natural language during the critical period of language acquisition (when there is an elevated neurological sensitivity for language development), approximately the first five years of a child's life
Language Loss (Language Attrition)
Among the causes of language endangerment cultural, political and economic marginalization accounts for most of the world's language endangerment. Cultural dominance occurs when literature and higher education is only accessible in the majority language.
Language loss can occur on two levels. It may be on a personal or familial level, which is often the case with immigrant communities in the United States, or the entire language may be lost when it ceases to be spoken at all. The latter scenario has become an all-too-common threat in indigenous communities in the United States, because their languages are not spoken anywhere else in the world.
The Role of Computational Language
Human language learning may also rely to an extent on computational language.
Computational linguistics is a “hard” science/engineering oriented subject that requires to study a lot of maths, computer science and theoretical linguistics.
Type of modelling, via connectionist associative networks called neural networks, developed by researchers in in artificial intelligence
The bits of linguistic information that enter into one person's mind, from another, cause people to entertain a new thought with profound effects on his world knowledge, inferencing, and subsequent behavior. Language neither creates nor distorts conceptual life. Thought comes first, while language is an expression.
Languages do not limit our ability to perceive the world or to think about the world, but they focus our perception, attention, and thought on specific aspects of the world. ... So, different languages focus the attention of their speakers on different aspects of the environment—either physical or cultural.
Language processing refers to the way humans use words to communicate ideas and feelings, and how such communications are processed and understood.
Language and Thoughts
SALE ENDS TOMORROW
Summary Article 1
ADDITIONAL RESOURCE
Summary Article 2
female brain is more for empathy while male brain is more for understanding and building systems
ARTICLE
females tend to show indirect aggression while male tend to show direct aggression. This clearly showing that aggression is difference based on sex. Direct aggression are pushing, hitting, punching and etc. while indirect aggression are things like gossip, exclusion and etc
Girls are also good at being a host even at the age of six because they tend to give more attention to newcomers. Meanwhile male newcomers are opposite to female where they simply hijack the game, directing the other members’ attention.
Questions with Answers
Question 1 : What is linguistic ?
Answer : Linguistics is the scientific study of language.It involves an analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context,as well as an analysis of the social, cultural, historical, and political factors that influence language.
Question 2 : How do linguistics related to brain?
Answer :At the same time, language is a powerful engine of human intellect and creativity, allowing for endless recombination of words to generate an infinite number of new structures and ideas out of “old” elements. Language plays a central role in the human brain, from how we process color to how we make moral judgments
Question 3 : How linguistic is important?
Answer : Linguistics helps us understand our world
Apart from simply understanding the intricacies of world languages, this knowledge can be applied to improving communication between people, contributing to translation activities, assisting in literacy efforts, and treating speech disorders